Ruisdael prefers bushy, solid masses, while Hobbema chooses thin trees with great detail. Even their depiction of trees is different. His landscape paintings were sunny, bright, and peaceful. Unlike his teacher who explored dark and moody landscapes, Hobbema had another approach. He was a pupil of Jacob van Ruisdael, who had a profound impact on his artistic development. Meindert Hobbema was born in 1638 and spent the majority of his life in Amsterdam. Mainly, his subjects derive from religion, history, and mythology.ģ) Meindert Hobbema The Avenue at Middelharnis by Meindert Hobbema, 1689, via National Gallery, London These artistic influences and the knowledge of Renaissance classicism and ancient history shaped the style Rubens is known for. At an early age, he traveled to Italy, where he became influenced by the works of great Renaissance painters including Titian, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo. The well-known Flemish artist and his extraordinary talent marked the entire Baroque era. Peter Paul Rubens was one of the great international figures in 17th-century European art. This painting expresses the pride of the Ruisdael for his nation through the prominence of the windmill, a symbol of the Dutch Republic.Ģ) Peter Paul Rubens The Rainbow Landscape by Peter Paul Rubens, 1636, via the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York ![]() The smoke from the chimney and the clouds that are breaking through the sunlight, filling the scene with character and emotion. Ruisdael has painted out looming, heavy clouds in the sky, creating dramatic visual tension. This landscape features a compact windmill in the city of Wijk Bij Duurstede that rises in the vast, melancholic sky. Windmills are very prominent in Dutch Golden Age art, symbolizing Dutch prosperity. One of the most emblematic works of 17th-century art in the Dutch Republic is Ruisdael’s Windmill at Wijk Bij Duurstede. He used to depict landscapes with windmills, canals, waterfalls, rivers, hills, and castles in melancholic atmospheres. His works are characterized by various types of landscapes, from winter and dramatic forest scenes to river landscapes and panoramic views of Haarlem. 1670, via Rijksmuseum, Amsterdamīorn in Haarlem, Netherlands, in 1628, Jacob van Ruisdael is considered one of the greatest Dutch painters that focused on painting landscapes. ![]() The Hudson River School ultimately helped shape an American identity.1) Jacob van Ruisdael: The Most Influential Among the Dutch Painters The Windmill at Wijk bij Duurstede by Jacob Isaacksz van Ruisdael, c. The Hudson River School also emerged alongside the new medium of photography, the new science of geology, and new technologies that transformed travel and inaugurated an industrial revolution. In addition to these three statements, this exhibition reveals that much more went into the making of the Hudson River School, such as the influence of European traditions and cultural movements, as well as America’s natural environment and commercial spirit. The name came into general use in the 1870s, at a time when their style was losing popularity. Third, the name Hudson River School was not used by the artists themselves. ![]() They frequently knew one another, went on sketching trips together, and exhibited their paintings side by side at exhibitions and galleries. Second, the Hudson River School was not an actual school, but a group of artists who mainly lived and painted in the Hudson River valley of New York. This exhibition originated from the frequently asked question “what is the Hudson River School?” We can begin with three basic facts.įirst, the Hudson River School refers to American landscape painting created between 1825 and roughly 1875.
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